Different names of "Ema Leimarel Sedabi"

Ema Leimarel Sedabi has different names such as:

(i)     Ereima (Goddess of water),

(ii)    Hikubi-Yaikubi (Goddess of wealth),

(iii)  Ngareima (Goddess of fish),

(iv)   Phouoibi-Lairembi (Goddess of grain),

(v)  Pithai-Khongdaibi (Mother Goddess)

(vi)  Silreima (Goddess of Occupation) and

(vii) Thumleima (Goddess of salt) etc.

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Modern Naga and Kuki groups of Manipur

Modern Naga and Kuki groups of Manipur

   Naga Groups                                Kuki Groups
1. Aimol                                          1. Any Kuki
2. Anal                                            2. Any Mizo (Any Lushai)
3. Angami                                        3. Gangte
4. Chiru                                           4. Hmar
5. Chothe                                        5. Mate
6. Inpui                                           6. Paite
7. Kabui                                          7. Ralte
8. Kach Naga                                 8. Simte
9. Kharam                                      9. Sukte
10. Koirao                                     10. Thadou
11. Koireng                                    11. Vaiphei
12. Kom                                        12. Zou
13. Lamkang (Lamgang)
14. Liangmei
15. Maram
16. Mao
17. Maring
18. Monsang
19. Moyon
20. Poumai
21. Purum
22. Rongmei
23. Sema
24. Tangkhul
25. Tarao
26. Thangal
27. Zemei

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Old Kukis and New Kukis

Old Kukis and New Kukis
Scheduled Tribes (STs)                       Remarks
1. Aimol                                            Old Kuki
2. Anal                                              Old Kuki
3. Chiru                                             Old Kuki
4. Chothe                                          Old Kuki
5. Gangte                                          New Kuki
6. Hmar                                            New Kuki
7. Koirao                                          Old Kuki
8. Koireng                                       Old Kuki
9. Kom                                            Old Kuki
10. Lamgang (Lamkang)                   Old Kuki
11. Lushai                                        New Kuki
12. Maring                                       Old Kuki
13. Monsang                                    Old Kuki
14. Moyon                                      Old Kuki
15. Paite                                          New Kuki
16. Purum                                       Old Kuki
17. Ralte                                         Old Kuki
18. Simte                                         New Kuki
19. Sukte                                         New Kuki
20. Thadou                                      New Kuki
21. Vaiphei                                      New Kuki
22. Zou                                           New Kuki

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Umanglais of Manipur

 Umanglais
A
1.    Aarapati Puriromba
2.    Achanbigei Marjing
3.    Ahallup Marjing
4.    Ahanthem Sanamahi
5.    Akham Khamlangba
6.    Andro Panam Ningthou
7.    Andro Purieromba
8.    Angom Pokpa
9.    Angom Yumjao Leima
10.    Arapati Eereima
11.    Arong Phouoibi
12.    Athokpam Arong Ningthou
13.    Atom Khuman Pakhangba Ningthou Pokpa
14.    Awang Jiri kabok Khong Lairemma
15.    Awang Khunou Koubru
16.    Awang Potsangbam Koubru
17.    Awang Sekmai Koubru
18.    Awang Yumnam Khunou Puthiba

B
1. Bamon Kampu Pureiromba

C
1.    Chabung Company Wangbrel
2.    Chairen Khunbu Leima Khunmabi Panthoibi Tangkhul Huithok Pakhangba
3.    Chajing Lakpa
4.    Chajing Mairelkhong Puthiba
5.    Chandrakhong Nongpok, Sawang Lallam Phoriba
6.    Chandrakhong Yenkhurakpa
7.    Changangei Khuromba
8.    Charangpat Mamang Arong Ningthou
9.    Charangpat Maning Nongpok Ningthou
10.    Charangpat Mayai Nongpok
11.    Chinga Makha Eerom Yumjao Leima
12.    Chinga Makha Meisnam Luwangpokpa
13.    Chingnga Makha Soram Yumjao Lairemma
14.    Chingtham Khongjom Ningthou
15.    Chothe Thangwai Pakhangba
16.    Churachandpur Makha Khuman Pokpa




E
1.    Eengourok Nongpok Ningthou
2.    Eeram Siphai Ngangourakpa
3.    Eerengpal Eerum Ningthou
4.    Eethai Phouoibi
5.    Eething Thangjing
6.    Elangbam Khangpokpi Pungamba
7.    Elangbam Pangganba
8.    Elangbam Pangganba
 
G
1. Gobindagram Puthiba

H
1. Hangun Kalikha
2. Haobijam Chairel–Lakpa
3. Haoga Sorarel
4. Haorang Keirel Koubru
5. Haorang Sabal Koubru
6. Haoreibi Pakhangba
7. Heibongpokpi Koubru
8. Heikrujam Loiyarakpa
9. Heikrujam Mamang Loiyarakpa
10. Heikrujam Mamng Khuman Pokpa
11. Heingang Marjing
12. Heinoukhongnembi Laishram Lairemma
13. Heinoupok Loiyarakpa
14. Heirok Ikop Ningthou
15. Heisnam Chingningthou
16. Heisnam Panthoibi
17. Heiyen Ikop Ningthou
18. Hemam Pakhangba
19. Hiyanglam Panganba
20. Hiyangthang Lairemma
21. Huirem Chingbal Leima


I
1. Irengbam Khoriphaba
2. Irengbam Nameirakpam Khubomba
3. Iroisemba Thongamacha
4. Ishok Chingphu Ningthou

K
1. Kabo Wakching Nongabi
2. Kabowakching Loyarakpa
3. Kairang Marjing
4. Kakching Khoriphaba
5. Kakching Khullen Eerum  Ningthou
6. Kakching Khullen Khamlangba
7. Kakching Khullen Naohal
8. Kakching Khullen Sekmai Ningthou
9. Kakmayai Panthoibi
10. Kakwa Naorem Panthoibi
11. Kangabam Yumjao Leima
12. Kangamung Khujoi Loiyarakpa
13. Kangamung Siphai Loiyalakpa
14. Kangngamung Maisnam Loiyarakpa
15. Kanto Khullel Koubru
16. Kanto Khunou Koubru
17. Kaodrukna Koubru
18. Karam Nongsaba
19. Keibi Ireima
20. Keinou Ahongshangbam Lairemma
21. Keinou Khulleima
22. Keinou Thongthak Koubru
23. Keirak Sekmai Ningthou
24. Keirao Lakpa
25. Keirao Langdum Keirao Lakpa
26. Keishampat Yumjao Leima
27. Kekru Nongpok Panthoibi
28. Kha Loulembam Panthoibi
29. Kha Potsangbam Panganba
30. Kha Thounaojam Panthoibi
31. Kha Yumnam Khunou  Loiyarakpa
32. Khabi Lairembi
33. Khagi Maibi Yumpham
34. Khaidem Loyarakpa
35. Khaidem Nganuleima
36. Khaman Pakhangba
37. Khangabok Eekop Ningthou
38. Khangkhui
39. Kha–Potsangbam Pungaba
40. Khekman Leikarakpa
41. Khekman Pakhangba
42. Khekman Wangbren
43. Khoijuman Yangoi Ninghtou
44. Khoirom Nongpok Ningthou
45. Khonghampat Koubru
46. Khonghampat Luwangpokpa
47. Khongjom Ningthou
48. Khothong Pakhangba
49. Khoyangbam Ayangleima
50. Khuman Maharaba
51. Khumbong Panthoibi
52. Khundrakpam Marjing
53. Khundrakpam Pangganba
54. Khurai Angouba
55. Khurai Konsam Leikai Chingjroibi
56. Khurai Lai Awangba
57. Khurai Lai Khurembi Khurai Mamang Yangoi Ningthou
58. Khurai Ningthem Pokpa
59. Khurai Puthiba
60. Khurai Soubon Lairemma
61. Khurai Thareima
62. Khurkhul Ichum Lairemma
63. Khwai Lainingthouhanba
64. Kiyam U Ningthou
65. Kiyamkei Pakhangba
66. Kodompokpi Khoriphaba
67. Kodompokpi Sorarel
68. Koirengei Pakhangba
69. Khuman Pokpa
70. Kondong Lairemma
71. Kongamung Tongbram Loiyarakpa
72. Kongmaru Konglouton Loukhiba
73. Kongpal Langmei Leima
74. Kongpal Puri Puraba
75. Kongpal Uraleima Ningthou
76. Konjengbam Lairemma
77. Konjengbam Sorarel
78. Kontha Marjing
79. Konthoujam Lairemma
80. Koubru Inammung, Chandeba, Khongdeba
81. Kum–phi San–thong Nonghtou
82. Kwarokching Tarang Saraba
83. Kwasiphai Pakhangba
84. Kyamgei Khagemba
85. Kyamgei Mungyamba Pakhangba

L
1. Laiphrakpam Khana–chaoba
2. Lairen Kabi Koubru
3. Lairen Sajik Koubru
4. Lairenjam Khoriphaba.
5. Lairenjam Lairemma
6. Lairenjam Lairemma
7. Laisangbam nongsaba
8. Laishram Eereima
9. Lamabam Irongleima
10. Lamangdong Yangoi Ningthou
11. Lambal Koubru
12. Lamboikhul Eereima
13. Lamdeng Laikhurembi
14. Lamdeng Makha Mayangngamba
15. Lamdeng Poireton Laikhurembi Leima Leinaotabi
16. Lamdeng Thumkhong Lairemma
17. Lamding Wangjing Ningthou
18. Lamlai Pureiromba
19. Lamsang Eeshing Chaiba
20. Langmeidong Pakhangba
21. Langmeidong Pakhangba
22. Langmeithet Panthoibi
23. Langol Kameng Koubru
24. Langol Ningthou
25. Langpok Ningthou
26. Laphupat Kalika
27. Leimapokpam Khunpham Sebu Leima
28. Leimapokpam Siphai Thangjing
29. Leimatak Pakhangba Hidel Pakhangba
30. Leimram Koubru
31. Leishangthem Lairemma
32. Loitang Khunou Koubru
33. Loktonbam Aria Leima
34. Lourembam Lairemma
35. Luker Khoimom Lairemma
36. Luwang Guru Sangol

M
1. Maibakhul Marjing
2. Maibam Lokpaching Loyarakpa
3. Maibam Tampak Lainingthou
4. Mairembam Leikoi Ningthou
5. Maklang NungthilLeima
6. Malom Khunjaoba
7. Mayan Langjing Mamang Koubru
8. Mayang Imphal Khuman Pokpa
9. Mayang Langjing Maning  Koubru
10. Mayang Yaoreibi
11. Meijrao Lakpa
12. Meinam Lairemma
13. Meitram Shebu Leima
14. Moirang Punshi Lairemma
15. Moirang Thangjing
16. Moirangthem Thangjing
17. Moitangpok Korouhanba
18. Morok Ingkhol Koubru
19. Mutum Phiphou Eerong Leima

N
1.    Nachou Sorarel
2.    Naharup Pureiromba
3.    Naharup Terapur Ireima
4.    Nakalbam Chingol Ningthou
5.    Nambol Khoriphaba
6.    Nambol Konkham Loiyarakpa
7.    Naorem Panthoibi
8.    Naran Konjin Koubru
9.    Ngaikhong Yangoi Ningthou
10.    Ngairangbam Khunou Loiyarakpa
11.    Ngairangbam Loiyarakpa
12.    Ngakchou Pokpi Yangoi Ningthou
13.    Ngangkha Lawai Thangjing
14.    Ngariyanbam Koubru
15.    Ningel Nongpok Ningthou
16.    Ningngu Laimanai
17.    Ningol Phouoibi Lokchao Thanungba
18.    Ningombam Shang Shang Ningthou
19.    Ningthoubung Puraba
20.    Ningthoukhong Oknarel
21.    Ningthoukhong Thangnarel
22.    Nongchup Sanjenbam Koubru
23.    Nongmaijing Nongpok Apanba Khalongnachingba Laipham
24.    Nongpok Kameng Khamlangba
25.    Nongpok Lourembam Arong Ningthou
26.    Nung Santhong, Pan Santhong Nung Yungbi
27.    Nunggoi Panthoibi
28.    Nungu Lokninghtou

O
1.    Oinam Laipham Eereima
2.    Oinam Nongsaba
3.    Oinam Swombung Ireima
4.    Oinam Tangleihada Eereima
5.    Oinam Thingel Eereima

P
1.    Panam Khul Loyarakpa
2.    Pangal Siphai Nungthelleima
3.    Pangei Marjing
4.    Paonam Eeshing Chaiba
5.    Patpal  Eerum Ningthou
6.    Patsoi Khujao panthoibi
7.    Patsoi Khunou Nongkabi
8.    Patsoi Nongabi
9.    Patsoi Taomang Naothingkhong
10.    Pechi Arong Ningthou Ikop Ningthou
11.    Penggi Arong Ningthou
12.    Phairelbam Loklaoleima
13.    Phaknung Chingkhei Guru
14.    Phayeng Koubru
15.    Phayeng Sawang Soraren
16.    Philem Khoriphaba
17.    Phoijing Chaning Leima
18.    Phouden Nongpok Ningthou
19.    Phouden Pakhangba
20.    Phougakchao Phouoibi
21.    Phubala Pakhangba
22.    Phumlou Keioroi Koubru
23.    Phumlou Siphai Koubru
24.    Pishum Huidrom Yumjao Leima
25.    Pombikhok Louningthou
26.    Potsangbam Thouriphi Koubru
27.    Pourabi Puthiba
28.    Project Mapal Pakhangba
29.    Pukhao Ahallup Eereima
30.    Pukhao Khabam Ireima
31.    Pukhao Khabam Ireima
32.    Pukhao naharup Ireima
33.    Pukhrambam Panthoibi
34.    Pungdongbam  Panthoibi

S
1.    Sa–chep Ching–Khoi Puri–Pu–ra–ba
2.    Sagang Santhong Ningthou
3.    Sagolband Pakhangba
4.    Sagolmang Eereima
5.    Sairem Khul Koubru
6.    Salam Sorarel, sanahal
7.    Salungpham Nongpok Ningthou
8.    Samram Khongjom Ningthou
9.    Sanjenbam Koubru
10.    Sansenbam Panthoibi
11.    Sapam Salai Khongjom Ningthou
12.    Sarangthem Lairemma
13.    Satpam Khongjom Ningthou
14.    Sekmai Wangbren
15.    Sekta Lainingthou Achengba
16.    Shagol Tongba Pakhangba
17.    Shagoltongba Suraisam Khagemba
18.    Shagomang Ireima
19.    Shalungpham Eekop Ningthou
20.    Shamuroulakpa
21.    Shamuroulakpa Khwai Ningthou
22.    Shamuroulakpa Leitang Ningthou
23.    Sinam Kom Lainingthou
24.    Sorokhaibam Phouoibi
25.    Soubal Lairemma
26.    Soubam Mawao Leima
27.    Sugnu Lokningthou
28.    Sugnu Sanamahi
29.    Sugnu Wangbrel

T
1.    Tairenpokpi Koubru
2.    Takhel Nongpok Ningthou
3.    Tangjeng Lokningthou
4.    Tangkham Khuleima
5.    Taobungkhok Loiyarakpa
6.    Taothong Koubru
7.    Tarung Leima
8.    Tekcham Eekop Ningthou
9.    Tentha Eekop Ningthou
10.    Tentha Khunou Ikop Ningthou
11.    Tera Khunou Ikop Ningthou
12.    Tera Urak Koubru
13.    Thamnapokpi Thangjing
14.    Thanga Chingningthou
15.    Thangbijrou Thangba
16.    Thangmeiband Kangbam Naothingkhong
17.    Thangtek Yangoi Ningthou
18.    Tharoijam Yumajao Leima
19.    Thinungei Ramji Ningthou
20.    Thinunggei Loyarakpa
21.    Thiyam Konjin Phunam Ningthou
22.    Thiyam Laikon Pakhangba
23.    Thokchom Arong ningthou
24.    Thongak Lairemma Langol
25.    Thongam Mondum Khulleima
26.    Thongam Mondum Nungang Maharaba
27.    Thongam Pungamba
28.    Thongjao Mayangamba
29.    Thong–ngam Thongang Ningthou
30.    Thoubal Nonggangkhong Thoubal Ningthou
31.    Thoubal Sabal Tongba Thoubal Ningthou
32.    Thoubal Yangoi Ningthou
33.    Thouban Ningombam Thoubal
34.    Thoudam Eerong Leima
35.    Thounaojam Panthoibi
36.    Tingri Marjing
37.    Tongbram Lairema
38.    Top Chingtha Lanamung
39.    Top Langmai Leima
40.    Top Langmei Leima

U
1.    Uchekkol Moriba
2.    Uchekon Panthoibi
3.    U–khong–sang Nongpok
4.    Upokpi Sorarel
5.    Uripok Khamlangba
6.    Uripok Laikhurembi
7.    Uripok Yuremabam Huidom Pokpi
8.    Utlou Panthoibi
9.    U–yal A–rong–Ningthou

W
1.    Wabagai Pakhangba
2.    Waheng Khumal Pakhangba
3.    Wahengbam Yumajao Leima
4.    Wairi Khamlangba
5.    Waithou Puthiba
6.    Wakharakpa
7.    Wamnkheirakpa Yumjao Lairemma
8.    Wangbal Eekop Ningthou
9.    Wangjing Ningthou
10.    Wangkhei Laishram Eereima
11.    Wangoi Sanamahi
12.    Wangoi Wangbrel
13.    Wangu Wangbrel
14.    Waroi Ching Malang Humoiba

Y
1.    Yaingang Pokpi Haoreima Sambubi
2.    Yairipok Nongpok Panthoibi
3.    Yaiskul Nongsaba
4.    Yambem Yairi Ningthou
5.    Yumnam Yumjao Lairembi
6.    Yurembam Huidon Pokpi
7.    Yurembam Unam Sorarel

* with input from Otojit Kshetrimayum [from his book Ritual, Politics and Power in North East India: Contexualising the Lai Haraoba of Manipur]

Map of Manipur (Manipoor) in 1822 and 1856

Map: Manipur (Manipoor) in 1822 and 1856.

Source: The Court of Ava in 1855: By - Captain Henry Yule, 1858

Map of Manipur (Manipoor) in 1500 – 1580.

Map: Manipur (Manipoor) in 1500 – 1580.
Source: The Court of Ava in 1855: By - Captain Henry Yule, 1858

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Map of The Boundary of Past Manipur

Map: The Boundary of Past Manipur

Source: The Souvenir of All Manipur Student’s Union, 19 July, 1999, Page No. 25

Map of North Eastern part of the Indian Empire, 1893

Map: North Eastern part of the Indian Empire, 1893.

Source: Constable’s Hand Atlas of India, London: Archibald Constable and Sons, 1893

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Map of Manipur in 1870 AD

Map of Manipur in 1870 AD.

Source: Blackie & Son, Glasgow, Edinburgh & London, 1871

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Map of Manipur in 1840 AD.

Map: Manipur in 1840 AD.
Source: Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, 1844

Settlement of Boundary between Manipur and Angami, 1841 - 42

Settlement of Boundary between Manipur and Angami, 1841 - 42

The boundary between the Angamis and Manipur was to be finally settled to prevent irritation on that side, and a road was to be opened to Sammoogoodting from the plains. A nominal tribute was to be taken from the Nagas as soon as they could be brought to consent to its payment. To arrange the boundary, Lieutenant Biggs marched across the hills in the cold weather of 1841-42. It was decided, in conference with Captain Gordon, Political Agent at Manipur that “Commencing from the upper part of the Jeeree River, the western frontier of Manipur, the line of boundary formed (i) by the Dootighur Mountain, or that range of hills in which the Mookroo River takes its rise, east on to the Barak River; (ii) by the Barak River up to where it is joined by the Toyphani River which flows along the eastern line of the Popolongmai Hill; (3) by the Toyphani River up to its source on the Burrail range of Mountains; and (4) by the summit or water-pent of the Burrail range on to the source of the Mow River flowing north from that point towards Assam, was the best boundary between Manipur and the Angami country. Firstly, because the Angami Naga and all the inferior tribes subject to their influence occupy the mountainous part north of the boundary here given, and have together been the perpetrators of all the acts of aggression which have been committed of late years both in Cachar and Manipur.

Secondly because along the western portion of the boundary here proposed, the whole of the villages south of it, which were before near this frontier, having been from time to time destroyed by the tribes from the north, and their inhabitants obliged for protection to locate themselves further south a considerable tract of mountainous country in this direction is completely deserted. Thirdly because along the portion of the boundary here proposed to the east of Popolongmai the Angamis tribes are separated from the Nagas of Manipur by a lofty range of mountains across which little, if any, communication takes place. Fourthly because the Manipur Government not having at present any control or authority over the villages to the north, and the Angamis not possession any influence over those to the south of this proposed boundary throughout its whole extent, its adoption would not disjoin connected tribes on separate any village from a jurisdiction to which it has been long attached, as would be the case where any portion of the country north of the line suggested made over to the Manipur Government’s.

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Ningthee Agreement, 1834, Transfer of Kabaw Valley

Ningthee Agreement, 1834, Transfer of Kabaw Valley

1^st : The British Commissioners, Major Grant and Captain Pemberton under instructions from the Right Honourable, the Governor General in Council, agree to make over to the Woandauk Maha Mingyan Rajah and Tsarudanieks MyookyantHou, Commissioners appointed by the King of Ava, the Town of Tummo, Khumbab, Surjail and all other villages in the Kubo Valley, Ungoching Hills and the strip of valley running between the eastern foot and the western bank of the Ningthi Khyendwin river.

2^nd : The British Commissioners will withdraw the Munnipooree Thannas now stationed within this tract of the country, and make over immediate possession of it to the Burmese Commissioners on certain conditions.

3^rd : The conditions are that they will agree to the boundaries which may be pointed out to them by the British Commissioners, and will respect and refrain from any interference, direct or indirect, with the people residing on the Munnipooree side of those boundaries.

4^th : The boundaries are as follows. The eastern foot of the chain of mountains which rise immediately from the western side of the plain of the Kubo Valley. Within this line is included Moreh and all the country to the westward of it.

On the south, a line extending from the eastern foot of the same hills at the point where the river, called by the Burmahs Nansawing, and by the Munnipoorees Numsanlung, enters the plain, up to the sources and across the hills due west down to the Kethe-Khyaung.

On the north, the line of boundary will begin at the foot of the same hills at the northern extremity of the Kubo Valley, and pass due north up to the first range of hills, east of that upon which stand the villages of Chaotao, Noanghue, Noanghur of the tribe called by the Munnipoorees Loohooppa, and by the Burmahs Lagumsauny, now tributary to Munnipoor.

The Burmese commissioners hereby promise that they will give orders to the Burmese officers, who will remain in charge of the territory now made over to them, not in any way to interfere with the Khyens or other inhabitants living on the Munnipoor side of the lines of boundary above described, and the British Commissioners also promise that the Munnipoorees shall be ordered not in any way to interfere with the Khyens or other inhabitants of any description living on the Burmah side of the boundaries now fixed.

Sunnyachil Ghat, Ningthee, January 9, 1834

Langthabal Agreement, 1834

Compensation for Kabaw Valley

Major Grant and Captain Pemberton, under instructions from the Right Honourable the Governor General in Council having made over the Kubo Valley to the Burmese Commissioners deputed from Ava are authorized to state.

1^st : That it is the intension of the Supreme Government to grant a monthly stipend of five hundred sicca Rupees to the Rajah of Munnipoore, to commence from the ninth day of January, One Thousand Eight Hundred and Thirty Four, the date of which the transfer of Kubo took place, as shown in the Agreement mutually signed by the British Commissioners.

2^nd : It is to be distinctly understood that should and circumstances hereafter arise by which the portion of territory lately made over to Ava again reverts to Munnipore, the allowance now granted by the British Government will cease from the date of such reversion.

Sd/-

F.J. Grant, Major

Sd/-

R.B. Pemberton, Captain

Langthabal, Mannipoore

January 25, 1834